Showing posts with label bootlegs. Show all posts
Showing posts with label bootlegs. Show all posts

Thursday, October 17, 2024

Shooting the Starlanes with the Terran Imperium: Star Wars and Starguard!

Ron writes:

 If you've read this 2022 blog post, you know that in the process of compiling information for it, Yehuda Kleinman and I delved deep into the world of gaming miniatures. 

Research is a funny thing: You do it to answer one question, and you come away with a whole bunch more. Or at least you do if you're as easily distracted as I am. 

Which brings me to this picture.

Look familiar?

Yes, the photo depicts what appear to be several figures resembling Stormtroopers. And they're surrounding a rather hulking representation of Darth Vader. 

I mean, he may be wearing bellbottoms, but I'm pretty confident that's Darth Vader.

The photo was published in issue 18 of The Dragon, an early gaming magazine. Publication date: September 1978.

It was during my researches into Nevile Stocken and his Star Wars miniatures that I encountered this image. I think Yehuda may have alerted me to it. Naturally, my curiosity was piqued. [1]

Who were these weird little space guys? What company made them? Most importantly, were they part of a larger line of Star Wars miniatures heretofore unknown to me?

The second question wasn't hard to answer... 


...because the manufacturer's name was printed in the upper left corner of the two-page spread on which the photo appeared.

Duh. 

The figures were made by Salt Lake City outfit by the name of McEwan Miniatures. So at least I had a lead. My hope was that it would open up additional avenues of investigation.

* * * 

According to Shannon Appelcline, whose Designers & Dragons is a useful source on the early days of fantasy gaming, McEwan was one of the first companies to benefit from rising interest in games based on space adventures. So great was interest in this subgenre of fantasy gaming that its principal publication, The Space Gamer, grew from just 500 subscribers at its outset in 1975 to as many as 3,000 just two years later.

Hey, maybe it's not so surprising that Star Wars was such a success when it was released in May of 1977. If the niche world of fantasy gaming can be taken as a bellwether, there was obviously a lot of pent-up demand for this kind of thing...


McEwan's entry in the space-game bonanza was Starguard! Interstellar Infantry -- 2250 AD. Released in 1973 or '74 (accounts differ), and designed by John McEwan and Michael Kurtick, it was a tactical wargame based on ground conflict. Players chose a faction, typically a race of aliens or an army of interstellar soldiers, and used dice and printed charts to simulate military engagements against competing factions. 

I use the past tense, but perhaps I shouldn't: More than 50 years after its debut, Starguard! is still around and still has its share of fans, a fact which speaks to the the quality of the game's design.

The following text, drawn from one of the game's early iterations, provides a sense of the atmosphere that McEwan and Kurtick sought to evoke for their players:
In those glorious golden days of the 23rd Century, when the Terrian Federation was still in its infancy, long before the Peace of the Empire, when no ship traveled the Starlanes unarmed, all that stood between the fragile glassine towers of Terra the Beautiful and the ravaging hordes of Ralni, Dreenoi and other lurkers in the darkness were the men of Starfleet Command. It is to the marines of the Federation Navy, the STARGUARD, that this record is respectfully dedicated.

While "Starfleet Command" and "Federation" were redolent of Star Trek, the militarism evoked something more intense and hard-nosed -- something more aligned with Heinlein's Starship Troopers.

How did the figures factor into this? 

They were accessories to the gameplay and aids to the imagination. And where character and detail were concerned, they were top notch. Writing for The Space Gamer in 1976, Larry Bond and Mike Mornard characterized them as "the best feature of the game...They are well sculpted and match some of the best SF combat stories around."

So central were figural accessories to the gameplay of Starguard! that McEwan and Kurtick encouraged players to incorporate miniatures from other companies. As John McEwan himself said:

The original idea behind Starguard! was that it should be both fun and flexible...I always hated the idea that you had to have just the figurines and/or accessories from just one company in order to play the game. Starguard! was designed to be as flexible as possible so that you could use figures that you had available or even figures that you liked from some other manufacturer. 

Anyway, that's the source of the figures seen in the photo at the top of this article: McEwan's Starguard! series.

* * * 

But if you're an astute reader, and you've gotten this far in my narrative, a problem is bothering the hindquarters of your consciousness, like a wee troublesome tsetse fly.

You're thinking: If Starguard! debuted in '73 or '74, and The Space Gamer was raving about its figures in '76, how the heck does Star Wars play into it? Star Wars was released in '77!

I had the same question. And it seemed the answer was obvious: The Stormtrooper and Vader figures were later Starguard! releases, ones that were inspired by Star Wars, but opportunistically worked into the Starguard! universe a few years after its birth. Recall that Bond and Mornard emphasized that McEwan endeavored to make their figures "match some of the best SF combat stories around." By late 1977, Star Wars probably qualified as the most popular "SF combat story" in history. So it isn't surprising to discover that McEwan took some inspiration from it.

The date of the issue of The Dragon containing the photo of McEwan's Star Wars figures seems to confirm this thesis: It was published in 1978, suggesting the figures were fairly new at that time.

But there was a blemish in my hypothesis, or at least a rogue bit of evidence that refused to be explained by it.

You see, McEwan also published a companion to Starguard! that was focused on space exploration rather than land battle. 

It was called... 

...Star War 2250.

And if that wasn't confounding enough, Star War 2250 was released in 1975.

So we have a gaming company that released figures that looked just like Star Wars characters. Which also released a module with the title Star War. What's more, the latter product was released two years before Star Wars hit theaters.

Well, if that doesn't demand further investigation, I don't know what does. What exactly was going on here? How did the story of a little gaming company come to be so intertwined with the biggest blockbuster movie of its era? And how did the Stormtrooper and Vader figures relate to Star War 2250?

I began my attempt to clear up the matter by searching internet forums devoted to gaming. As I quickly discovered, I wasn't alone in my confusion: gamers and miniature collectors tended to share it. It wasn't uncommon to see references to law suits and legal agreements alongside expressions of uncertainty regarding the chronology of McEwan's releases. 

Some even held that McEwan, not George Lucas, originally owned the rights to the name "Star Wars." And that the company was forced to discontinue its Star Wars figures, and possibly even change its name, as part of a settlement with Fox or Lucasfilm. This seemed pretty unlikely to me, but it further piqued my curiosity. 

So I decided to ask John McEwan about it. 

McEwan, fortunately, is still with us, and he sometimes posts on internet forums. In one such post he provided his email address and encouraged fans to reach out to him. I did just that.

He couldn't have been nicer, and he answered all of my questions.

Hi Ron:

Thanks for your interest in old timey games like Starguard! As for your questions about what happened when Star Wars first came out: Star War 2250 was published a good year or so before the movie came out. The Terran Troopers [i.e., the Stormtroopers -- Ed.] came out after the movie had been released and were definitely influenced by the Stormtroopers of the movie. 

Since that time there have been several people who have commented on the similarities, but in all these years I have never contacted Lucasfilm or they contacted me. In other words nothing happened.

So my guess regarding the figures was correct: They were produced a few years after the introduction of Starguard! and were indeed influenced by Star Wars. Though I didn't ask Mr. McEwan about the Vader figure specifically, it's pictured alongside the Stormtroopers in the photo from The Dragon, so I think it's fair to assume they debuted together in late '77 or early '78. 

But, according to McEwan, the rumors regarding lawsuits and legal deals are untrue. Unlike Archive Miniatures, McEwan was never threatened by Fox or Lucasfilm.

As for Star War 2250, McEwan's adoption of the name in 1975 appears to have been fortuitous. The company designed a game and called it Star War because, well, those words adequately described the gameplay. And then just two years later everyone and his uncle was talking about the hit sci-fi movie Star Wars

What a stroke of luck! Or maybe it was a step in sh*t? I guess it depends on how you look at it...

* * * 

As you're no doubt aware, this is a blog devoted to Star Wars collecting. And I'm sure by now you're wondering when I'm going to provide more information concerning the McEwan figures that were influenced by Star Wars -- the ones whose photo served as the introduction to this article.

Before I owned any of the figures, I acquired a McEwan catalog that showed the Stormtroopers. Based on the expiration dates noted in the catalog, it was issued in 1978. So it was vaguely contemporary with the issue of The Dragon containing our oft-referenced photo. 

As the above email from Mr. McEwan makes clear, in the world of Starguard!, the Stormtroopers were known as Terrans.

The catalog actually lists five different Stormtroo...I mean Terrans, each sculpted in a different pose:

FF-40 (standing with separate rifle)

FF-40a (running with rifle)

FF-40b (holding rifle and looking to the side)

FF-40c (holding rifle and looking forward)

FF-40d (holding double-barreled rifle)

Though the figures in the photo from The Dragon aren't numbered, their poses match what's shown in the catalog.


When I later acquired several sets of the figures, I realized that my FF-40c corresponded to the catalog's FF-40d. So either the catalog is wrong or the labeling on my figures is. [2]

Though I'm missing what the catalog refers to as FF-40c, the Stormtrooper holding a rifle and looking forward, I own a set not listed in the catalog: a FF-40e that includes a Terran and a lizard mount that resembles a dinosaur. 


Like, it's way more Flinstones than Dewback

As it's not in the catalog, and isn't in the photo from The Dragon, it may have been released after the other five sets.


I'm also aware of versions of FF-40 and FF-40a that contain one rather than five figures.

Based on the catalog copy, which advertises lots of 10 figures for 30 cents each, it's possible the single-figure packages were the norm, and my five-figure versions the exception. Note that the example of FF-40 pictured above bears a price of 35 cents, suggesting that the 10-for-$3.00 price noted in the catalog entailed a bulk discount of 50 cents. 

But what about the Vader? Bellbottoms aside, he is kind of the coolest figure, right?

Sadly, I don't own an example. 

Fortunately, the excellent website devoted to gaming miniatures, Lost Minis Wiki, has a couple of photos. They refer to the figure as the 1st Series Necromorph Officer

As a Necromorph, or a "reanimated corpse soldier," the figure wasn't even on the same side as the Terrans, i.e. the Stormtroopers, which makes its inclusion with them in the photo from The Dragon seem all the more meaningful. I think it's likely that, when McEwan submitted the photo to The Dragon, the intention was to group together the figures derived from Star Wars, and thereby notify the public that, yes, McEwan had introduced figures based on the hit movie.

If you peruse Lost Minis Wiki -- and please do; it's a wonderful site -- you'll note the existence of several additional Terrans, including some not depicted in our catalog. There were kneeling Terrans, Terrans holding missiles, and Terrans holding gonzo-sized weaponry. I have not been able to track down any of these. And since they're not in the catalog, my assumption is that they represent later releases.

Lost Minis Wiki also reveals that, at some point in time, the design of the Terrans changed, and their helmets ceased to resemble those worn by Stormtroopers. Though Mr. McEwan made it clear that he was never contacted by representatives of Lucasfilm, it remains a possibility that, after a few years of production, someone at McEwan thought it better to avoid poking the bear, and revised the figures away from the Star Wars aesthetic.

That said, McEwan's products remain in production today, under the manufacturer name of Reviresco, and it certainly appears that figures resembling Stormtroopers are available, particularly as pilots of various vehicle accessories. [3]

As for the Vader figure, i.e. the Necromorph Officer, it seems to have been modified to resemble Marvel's Dr. Doom. [4]

* * * 

Well, that wraps up our look at this now hopefully not so mysterious corner of early unofficial merchandising. 

Star Wars has had a lot of official licensees over the years, but I often think that the unlicensed products offer greater testament to the popularity of the property, especially during its early years, than all the Kenner figures sold by major outlets like Sears and JC Penney. This is particularly true when the unlicensed products appeared in a niche market like wargaming, because they demonstrate how quickly the influence of Star Wars was felt even in the remotest crannies of the culture.

In addition to positioning McEwan's figures as Star Wars collectibles, I hope this article has served as a tribute to John McEwan and Starguard!, two fixtures of space gaming that have been going strong for over half a century, regardless of how "old timey" they may seem in the digital age. 

May the fragile glassine towers of Terra the Beautiful stand forever!


Thanks to Jim Jones for providing a photo of a single-figure Terran pack. Extra special thanks to Yehuda Kleinman for providing several photos, including those of the Star War 2250 game. Extra extra special thanks to John McEwan for so kindly responding to my email and setting the record straight regarding his creations' overlaps with Star Wars.

Notes:

[1] The McEwan figures inspired by Star Wars (namely, the Stormtroopers/Terrans) also appeared in issue numbers 14 and 17 of The Dragon. Unfortunately, I don't have good scans of the pages containing their photos, and early copies of the publication tend to be quite pricey.

[2] The catalog also shows a figure that appears to combine the uniform of an Imperial officer and the helmet of a Rebel trooper. It's possible this was also inspired by Star Wars.

[3] Writing this has caused me to remember that I intended to buy a couple of these. Maybe I will now . . . 

[4] Curiously, Archive Miniatures' second Vader-inspired figure, called Dr. Cyborg, also seems inspired by Dr. Doom. See here.

Sunday, March 12, 2023

Vintage Star Wars Watches: Texas Instruments, Bradley & Beyond



Yehuda writes:

 Character watches have been ubiquitous with playground fashion since the 1930s. Often dominated by the Disney cast, watch faces typically feature popular characters of the moment. I sported a manual wind Mickey Mouse watch in Second grade. I remember flashing it to a friend who in turn showed me his new Darth Vader watch. It was clear I had been bested.

Once Star Wars was released, R2-D2 and C-3PO et al. quickly replaced Mickey Mouse on the wrists of many children.

I don’t know if letters to Santa are still a thing. Do kids even write letters anymore? Maybe St. Nick is on Instagram. And frankly it’s getting harder just to find a physical copy of the Sunday Times anymore. Anyway, when printed media was still the main resource for news, many papers would print selected letters to Santa written by children that year for the entertainment of adults who were in on the farce. When read today these letters offer a window into popular trends of the time. Sadly the end of printed media has minor unexpected losses.

Below are several interesting examples of these printed letters from the holiday season of 1977 and 1978 which reflect the popularity of the newly available Star Wars watches.

New Braunfels Herald, Texas
December 22, 1977

Hutchinson News, Kansas
December 12, 1978

Grand Saline Sun, Texas
December 21, 1978

Pennsylvania Towanda Daily Review
September 30, 1982


Throughout the run of the Original Trilogy, dozens of different manual and electronic watches were produced with many charming variations.

Most interestingly, the history and evolution of the Star Wars character watches effectively narrates a nearly catastrophic chapter in the horologic industry. But we will get back to that.

Typically Lucasfilm licensing for a specific area of merchandising was granted exclusively to one vendor at a time. When it came to wristwatches, two companies were granted licenses simultaneously to create two very different kinds of timepieces, both marketing their wares as the “official” Star Wars watch.

The first company granted a license to produce Star Wars themed watches was an unconventional choice. In fact, it wasn’t a watch company at all. By 1976 Texas Instruments (TI), a scientific company known for making semiconductors and calculators,  had just entered the electronic watch industry. TI saw the upcoming film as a great opportunity to feature their new products to a larger audience.

Coinciding with the premiere of Star Wars, TI released a series of electronic digital watches featuring scenes and characters from the film.

Employing the new quartz technology along with a Light Emitting Diode (LED) display, the watches contained no mechanical parts and seemed appropriately paired with the film as something from a different galaxy.

The first commercially available quartz watch was released only 5 years earlier in 1972. Produced by the Hamilton Watch Company, the revolutionary “Pulsar” which also brandished an L.E.D display retailed at the time for $2,100. Texas Instruments was successfully able to reduce the price point for their watches to under twenty dollars by creating a new inexpensive internal watch chip. This dramatic decrease in retail cost marked the first time that quartz watches were able to compete with mechanical watches in the marketplace. Costing around twenty bucks made these electronic watches competitive, but if you can sense the foreshadowing, further decreases in manufacturing costs were on the horizon causing great concern amongst the mechanical watchmakers of the world.

The Texas Instruments line consisted of 4 different watches handsomely packaged in Star Wars themed cases.

Black and silver graphics featuring Darth Vader; 
black case and band adult size.

Blue background featuring R2-D2 and C-3PO in color;
grey case and band adult size.

Black and silver background featuring Darth Vader 
along with R2-D2 and C-3PO in color;
black case and band adult size.

Black and silver background child size
features R2-D2 and Darth Vader on band.


Clamshell case


Hard plastic case    

Texas Instruments reproduced the Hildebrandt poster art for the cardboard sleeve of their watch cases, making for a striking presentation.

Soft plastic sleeve case

Each watch style can be found in any of the package variations on the secondary market and may have initially sold this way.

Also available in Germany, the packaging can be found with German language graphics.

The face of each watch displayed a blank ruby red crystal surrounded by an array of familiar Star Wars themed art. The display lit up briefly flashing bright red numbers, giving the accurate time when a side button was pressed. A quick second press of the button would display the date. Holding the button down would display seconds.

A nifty sticker sheet was included with the 3 larger watches designed to customize the watch face and change out the art. The sticker sheet was printed with a black or white border.

Sticker sheet variations

Switzerland emerged from the Second World War as the major hub of international watchmaking. During the war, the United States along with other involved nations shuttered all non essential industries, including watchmaking, for the sake of the war effort. Taking advantage of the lack of competition, Switzerland greatly increased their watch workforce and production to fill the void left by their rivals who had ceased production.

Much as their watches, Switzerland became a well-oiled machine for watch production. After the war, companies from around the world would often produce their mechanical watches in Switzerland, taking advantage of the highly skilled workforce and available resources.

This held true for the first LED and LCD digital watches as well, including the Texas Instruments Star Wars watches. Each watch is clearly marked Swiss made.

The collectible appeal of these watches is best appreciated while in their illustrated case. If you are considering buying one of these for use, beware. A nonworking watch is unlikely to require a simple battery change to get it running. Very often these watches will have significant battery corrosion and will be irreparable. Also be aware that the case of these watches is made from a plastic that has become quite brittle throughout the years. The cases are often cracked, and may break by simply removing the back cover.

That being said, I do have a functioning spare, and it is one of my favorite things to occasionally wear. It is remarkable how well it blends in with modern Apple watches. Most people don’t even give it a second glance.

The watch was designed to light up only briefly when the button is pressed. The power hungry LED mechanism required two large watch batteries that would quickly drain if the display remained lit.

The TI watches were heavily advertised in newspapers and catalogs. Below are some nice examples.


Newspaper advertisement for Hills Department Stores in Pennsylvania

Watch and receipt from Hills Department Stores

Montgomery Ward catalog, 1979

Plano Daily Star Courier, Texas
December 21, 1977

A large promotional program was created to advertise the Texas Instruments watches. Lucasfilm arranged for a fully costumed Darth Vader actor to be present at stores. The actor would give away autographed photographs. With the purchase of a watch a customer would also get a poster and a snazzy iron-on transfer to put on a t-shirt.

Benton Courier Walmart ad
October 12, 1978

Autographed Darth Vader picture, 1977
Courtesy of Anthony Damata

Texas Instruments Iron-on, 1977
Courtesy of Anthony Damata

Comic book ad
Courtesy of Anthony Damata

The Texas Instruments watches were also promoted in retail product mail-away offers and contests.

Pine-Sol mail-away offer, 1979
Courtesy of Anthony Damata

Fab mail-away offer, 1978
Courtesy of Anthony Damata

Star Wars Weekly contest (U.K.)
Courtesy of Anthony Damata

As revolutionary as the light emitting diode was, it was quickly replaced by a better, even cheaper technology which required far less battery power. The liquid crystal display ( LCD) soon supplanted the LED with its more familiar black digits on an indescribable tan/green colored background.

The LCD with its lower power demand allowed for a continuous display of the time and typically required only one smaller battery.

Texas Instruments never produced any further Star Wars themed watches beyond the original four models. Although Texas Instruments did transition to LCD technology, their foray into watchmaking was at a close by the early 1980s.

The second company granted a license to produce Star Wars themed watches was a more conventional choice. Throughout the 1970s, the Bradley watch company, a division of Elgin, was the industry leader in producing character watches. Having acquired the license to produce Disney watches in 1972, Bradley successfully embraced the opportunity and greatly expanded the usual Disney offerings well beyond the archetypal Mickey watch. Many never before featured characters were introduced to the line and were offered in varying styles. By 1977, the Bradley watchmaking machine was primed and ready to take on Star Wars.

And boy did they.

Depending on how you account for minor variations there are between 50 and 60 unique Bradley Star Wars watches produced during the late 70s through mid 80s.


Rudolph Valentino was Director of Operations at the Bradley watch company during the 1970s and 1980s. He controlled all aspects of the Star Wars watch production including oversight of the art department. Known for his strong work ethic and boundless energy, Rudolph began working at Bradley watches in the 1960s at an entry level position and worked his way to the top within a few years. During his tenure Rudolph approached Lucasfilm with endless imaginative design concepts for watches and clocks. Although Lucasfilm ultimately approved many watch designs, they rejected far more designs than were ever produced.

Having a penchant for preserving and archiving, Rudolph kept the artwork and designs for many of the produced and unproduced timepieces. I had the pleasure of meeting Rudolph’s daughter Jamie Valentino. Having shared a very close relationship with her father, Jamie was able to share many of the details included in this article about Bradley watch production history.

Despite the fact that Bradley produced a diverse variety of Star Wars themed watches, six models remain pervasive in the secondhand marketplace and were clearly produced in a much larger quantity as compared to the other models. When collecting these watches, it’s hard not to stumble over dozens of a common model for every scarce one that is found. As we go through the individual models, "the inescapable six" will be pointed out.

Bradley produced two different official Star Wars watches in 1977. Both are manual wind and contain reliable jeweled mechanisms, and much like Texas Instruments, were available in different kinds of packaging.

Marketed as Swiss made and initially manufactured in Switzerland, these watches are frequently found in working condition just awaiting to be wound up and worn. Later in their run, Bradley relocated much of its watch manufacturing to Hong Kong. As both manual and electronic watch manufacturing were becoming cheaper to produce in Asia. Jamie recalled that choosing or changing manufacturing locations were financial decisions. After a watch design was completed and ready for manufacture, the design was presented to different international watch manufacturers for the best production bid. Even for the same watch, movements, cases and bands were often made by different manufacturers and were then assembled together by Bradley. This likely accounts for the many slight variations of the same watch appreciated by collectors. The Hong Kong made mechanisms are more hit or miss but are often functional.


Swiss with second hand, child size

Swiss with second hand, child size;
country of origin highlighted in white;
Image modified.

Swiss without second hand, child size

Hong Kong mechanism, U.S. dial, child size

Inspection report for watch hands

Swiss chrome case adult size;
Country of origin highlighted in white;
Image modified.

Swiss made gold case, adult size

Swiss made gold case, adult size; 
Large tapered lugs.

Watch ad featuring both child and adult watches
S-F film classic products, Chicago
Courtesy of Anthony Damata

Starlog Magazine, 1978

Bradley artwork with child and adult models 
Courtesy of Anthony Damata

Comic book ad
Courtesy of Anthony Damata

Hagerstown Daily Mail, Maryland
November 30, 1977

Bradley store display header, 1977
Courtesy of Todd Chamberlain 

Swiss made adult size
TM next to "STAR"

Hong Kong, adult size

Swiss made, adult size
TM next to "WARS"
courtesy of Anthony Damata

Original concept art
Courtesy of Ross Cuddie


The Swiss made models are proudly marked Swiss made on the face and on the backplate. The Hong Kong made mechanisms may lack the country of origin markings on the face but they are usually found on the backplate.

Available in both adult and children’s sizes, both models proved to be very popular and were manufactured for several years with little change. They were the only two watches available from Bradley during the years 1977-1980. Both are members of the inescapable six.

Both watches can be found cased or in a plastic satchel.


Early packaging variation with outer cardboard sleeve

Hard plastic case;
Star Wars header.

Hard plastic case;
Darth Vader header.

Satchel 

Reverse of satchel 

 The adult sized watches were sold in hinged boxes.

Store display header featuring Darth Vader

Store display header featuring C-3PO
Courtesy of Will Grief 

Lucasfilm would review catalogs and advertising. They would offer harsh critiques if their watches were not prominently featured or copyright details were incorrect, as per Jamie.

Courtesy of Matthew Mulinaro

Sears catalog, 1979

Four unique designs were created for the German market which include German graphics.


Courtesy of Anthony Damata

Courtesy of Anthony Damata

Courtesy of Michael Gohlke

By 1980, Bradley was granted the sole licensing rights to produce both mechanical and electronic watches.

For the release of The Empire Strikes Back, Bradley premiered its first two electronic LCD Star Wars watches. Following their earlier release protocols, one watch featured the familiar droids R2-D2 and C-3PO, and the second, marketed for the more sinister children, featured Darth Vader. Both watches were available in adult and child sizes and have noted variations. Both watches are also members of the inescapable six and were produced for several years. Unlike their LED predecessors, the Bradley LCD watches rarely suffer from battery corrosion and usually will work after a battery change.


      Adult LCD five function watch including light
1980

Child LCD white framed display, grey shading, chrome case
1980

Child LCD frameless display, chrome case
1980

Child LCD gold case
1980

Child LCD plastic case
1980

Original concept art

Blister pack

Dr. Who magazine (U.K.)
1980


Adult LCD five function watch including light
1980

Child LCD black framed display, white shading
1980

Child LCD frameless display
1980

Child LCD large framed window, thin lugs, 1980
Courtesy of Anthony Damata

Child LCD, Star Wars in black lettering
1980

Original concept art

Bradley catalog watch store display, 1980
Courtesy of Anthony Damata

Updated watch satchel
Empire Strikes Back logo
1980

The 1980 line also included watches featuring Yoda, a new character from The Empire Strikes Back.

Child LCD
1980

Boxed blister pack

Child manual wind
1980

Catalog, 1980
Courtesy of Anthony Damata

Large painted metal sign store display 
1980
Courtesy of Will Grief

Child/Adult C-3PO and R2-D2 manual wind, red second hand
1980

Child/Adult C-3PO and R2-D2 manual wind, white second hand
1980

Child/Adult C-3PO and R2-D2 manual wind, perforated hands
1980

JC Penney catalog, 1980

Bradley catalog artwork, 1980 
Courtesy of Ross Cuddie

As the new decade emerged, the 80s began to demonstrate a more geometric, streamlined shift in taste. Bradley responded to these changes by re-working existing designs and creating new designs with an updated aesthetic, as per Jamie.

Child/Adult Darth Vader manual wind, Swiss 
1980

The best-selling manual wind Darth Vader watch previously released in 1977 was re-released in 1980. The newer version features a slender orange triangular shaped second hand and a bulky black plastic pseudo-link band, easily propelling the design forward for a new era. The enlarged black plastic case also features a bezel with planets and stars to mark the indices. The cases are fashioned from cycolac, a strong durable ABS resin also used to manufacture LEGO bricks.

Bradley catalog, 1980 
Courtesy of Anthony Damata

 
Child/Adult Yoda, manual wind
1981

Original concept art
Courtesy of Ross Cuddie

JC Penney catalog, 1981

Adult C-3PO and R2-D2 LCD
1981

Original concept art 
Courtesy of Ross Cuddie

JC Penney catalog, 1982

Further advances in technology allowed for added complications to the mechanisms. By 1982 musical alarms were included in some of the new releases.

Child C-3PO and R2-D2 LCD
Musical alarm (Star Wars theme)
1982

Star Wars theme alarm

Child C-3PO and R2-D2 LCD
Musical alarm (Star Wars theme)
1982

Original concept art
Courtesy of Ross Cuddie


Adult C-3PO and R2-D2 LCD
animated digital TIE Fighter 
Musical alarm (Star Wars theme)
1982

Adult C-3PO and R2-D2 LCD
Animated digital TIE Fighter
Musical alarm (Star Wars theme)
Prototype or early release, 1982
Courtesy of Anthony Damata

Aldens catalog, 1982

Original concept art with Lucasfilm approval letter 
Courtesy of Ross Cuddie

 Bradley watch catalog, 1983
Courtesy of Jarrod Clark

JC Penney catalog, 1983



Child C-3PO and R2D2 LCD, metal case
1982

Bubble pack

Hard plastic case
Return of the Jedi header

Child C-3PO and R2-D2 LCD, plastic case
1982

Child Yoda LCD, plastic case
1982

Child Darth Vader LCD, plastic case
1982

Child Darth Vader LCD, metal case
1982

Original concept art
Courtesy of Anthony Damata



Child Star Wars/Darth Vader LCD prismatic watch 
1982

Child Star Wars/Darth Vader LCD prismatic watch
Larger Vader bust, lacking copyright info
1982

Bradley layout board featuring the prismatic watch
(Also note the rare Indiana Jones watch)
Courtesy of Ross Cuddie

Child C-3PO and R2-D2 manual wind, red second hand
1982

Child C-3PO and R2-D2 manual wind, white second hand
1982

Soft plastic case

Original concept art
Courtesy of Ross Cuddie

Child Darth Vader manual wind
1982

Pre-production transparency 

Bradley introduced radio watches in 1982 complete with headphones.

Adult C-3PO and R2-D2 LCD radio-watch
1982

Bradley catalog artwork 
1982/1983
Courtesy of Ross Cuddie

Return of the Jedi magazine #32 
January 25, 1984
Bradley watch offer (U.K.)
Courtesy of Anthony Damata

New characters from the release of Return of the Jedi were featured in the 1983 line.

Child Jabba the Hutt LCD, round case
1983

Original concept art, 1983
Courtesy of Matthieu Barthélemy

Child Jabba the Hutt LCD
Light green Jabba, square case
1983

Child Jabba the Hutt LCD, dark green Jabba
1983
Courtesy of Anthony Damata

Original concept art, 1983
Courtesy of Matthieu Barthélemy

Child Jabba the Hutt manual wind, silver case
1983

Child Jabba the Hutt manual wind, gold case
1983
Courtesy of Anthony Damata 


Child Jabba the Hutt manual wind
Prototype mock-up
1983

Original concept art, 1983
Courtesy of Matthieu Barthélemy

Adult Ewoks radio-watch
1983

Original concept art, 1983
Courtesy of Jarrod Clark

Child/Adult Wicket the Ewok manual wind
1983

Original concept art, 1983
Courtesy of Jarrod Clark 

JC Penney catalog, 1984

Child Ewoks manual wind
1983
Produced in large quantities, this model is classified as one of the "inescapable six." 

Original concept art
Courtesy of Ross Cuddie

Original concept art, 1983
Courtesy of Jeffery Hunter

Child Ewoks LCD, square case
1983

Original concept art


Child Ewoks LCD, round case
round case 
Produced in large quantities, this model is classified as one of the "inescapable six." 

Original concept art


Prototype mock-up on Strawberry Shortcake watch
1983

Boxed blister pack

Montgomery Ward catalog, 1983

Bradley catalog, 1983
Courtesy of Anthony Damata

One final watch was released for the Droids animated series in 1985.

Child Droids LCD
1985

Prototype mock-up
Courtesy of Anthony Damata

Bradley catalog, 1985
Courtesy Anthony Damata



UNPRODUCED CONCEPTS 

Unproduced Jabba the Hutt watch concept art
Courtesy of Matthieu Barthélemy

Unproduced Child Ewoks LCD
Prototype mock-up on Strawberry Shortcake watch
Courtesy of Anthony Damata

Unproduced Ewoks watch concept art
Courtesy of Jarrod Clark 

Unproduced Ewoks watch prototype mock-up
Courtesy of Jarrod Clark 

Unproduced Princess Leia watch concept art
Courtesy of David Brolin

Unproduced Ewoks watch concept art
Courtesy of Anthony Damata and Ross Cuddie

Unproduced Boba Fett watch concept art
Courtesy of Paul Chu

Unproduced Luke and Leia watch concept art
Courtesy of Paul Chu

Darth Vader German and French logo concept board 
Courtesy of Anthony Damata

Unproduced Empire Strikes Back logo Vader watch
Courtesy of Anthony Damata

Unproduced original “rocking space fighter” concept art 
Courtesy of Ross Cuddie

Unproduced metal R2-D2 case original concept art
Courtesy of Ross Cuddie

Unproduced original concept art
Courtesy of Ross Cuddie

Unproduced original concept art
Courtesy of Ross Cuddie

Unproduced X-Wing watch with animated graphics 
Original concept art 
Courtesy of Ross Cuddie

Bradley watch catalog, 1983
The four watches on the left are prototypes 
Courtesy of  Anthony Damata

Zeon, a watch company out of the U.K., produced one vintage watch in the early 80s. Complete with calendar, musical alarm and stopwatch, it also boasts one of the most striking designs of the vintage lines.

Adult Zeon water resistant LCD watch
Musical alarm (Star Wars theme)

Sparked by the popularity of the licensed timepieces, bootlegged watches began to appear on the market in the early 1980s. Unencumbered by Lucasfilm restraints, these watches offer a unique charm that is easy to appreciate.

While several of the watches are a clear attempt to closely mimic their licensed counterparts, many of the watches offer unique imagery that would have never met approval.

These watches can be found with multiple slight variations in lithography and band color. They also feature key characters which were omitted in the licensed lines.

“STAR TIME” 
A close copy of a 1980 Bradley LCD release

A close copy of a 1980 Bradley LCD release 
Complete with copyright information

A close copy of a 1980 Bradley LCD release 
Complete with copyright information
Courtesy of Anthony Damata

Close copies of a 1982 Bradley LCD release in multiple color variations 
Courtesy of Anthony Damata

Unlicensed C-3PO and R2-D2 LCD watches
similar to Bradley releases
Courtesy of Anthony Damata

Unlicensed C-3PO and R2-D2 LCD watch
similar to Bradley releases
Courtesy of Anthony Damata

Unlicensed Darth Vader LCD
Original design and art

Unlicensed Darth Vader LCD
Original design and art featuring the Death Star and Imperial Destroyer 

Unlicensed C-3PO and R2-D2 LCD
Original design and art
Absent logo variation courtesy of Anthony Damata

Unlicensed Han Solo, Princess Leia and Yoda LCD
Original design and art
(Leia and Han were not featured in the licensed lines)
Color variation absent logo courtesy of Anthony Damata

Unlicensed Endor scene LCD
Original design and art
Featuring Luke, Leia, Han, R2-D2, C-3PO and Chewbacca
(Luke, Leia, Han and Chewbacca were not featured in the licensed lines)

Unlicensed Luke Skywalker and Biker Scout LCD
Original design and art
(Luke was not featured in the licensed lines) 
Red highlights variation courtesy of Anthony Damata

Star Wars logo
Courtesy of Anthony Damata

Return of the Jedi logo unlicensed C-3PO, R2-D2 and googly eyed Chewbacca LCD
Original design and art
(Chewbacca was not featured in the licensed lines)
Courtesy of Anthony Damata 

Unlicensed C-3PO and R2-D2 LCD with hazy blue starry background 
Original design and art
Courtesy of Anthony Damata

Darth Vader manual wind watch with animated lightsaber
Courtesy of Anthony Damata

R2-D2 manual wind watch with animated X-Wing
Courtesy of Anthony Damata

Han Solo manual watch with animated blaster 
Courtesy of Anthony Damata

Animated watches in action 
Courtesy of Anthony Damata

Analog watch featuring R2-D2
Courtesy of Anthony Damata

Analog watch featuring Darth Vader
Courtesy of Anthony Damata

Analog watch featuring Princess Leia and R2-D2
Courtesy of Anthony Damata

Analog watch featuring C-3PO and R2-D2
Courtesy of Anthony Damata

Analog Darth Vader watch, gold line art
Courtesy of Anthony Damata




EPILOGUE

The emergence of electronic watches and their ever cheaper cost of production had a devastating effect on Swiss watch manufacturing. This coupled with less expensive mechanical watches coming out of Asia led to the shuttering of the majority of watch companies in Switzerland. By the early 80s, two thirds of the Swiss watch workforce was unemployed.

Termed the "quartz crisis," this turn of events seemed to be the death knell for traditional mechanical watches.

Reeling from the decimation of the digital quartz crisis, a new Swiss watch company emerged in 1983 with a novel approach at reinventing the analog watch. The Swatch company, a portmanteau of the "second watch," produced inexpensive, reliable timepieces with a focus on fashion. Available in many colors and styles and marketed as an extra or second watch, consumers worldwide embraced the concept and frequently owned several Swatches to be worn individually or all at once. In their first year, the Swatch company placed their sales goal at one million units. By the following year the company would be producing nearly three times that number.


The Swatch Group, as it is now known, singlehandedly resurrected Swiss watch manufacturing. Currently the largest watchmaker in Switzerland, Swatch has continued to expand over its four decade history acquiring luxury watch brands including Omega, Longines, Rado, Blancpain, Breguet, Harry Winston, Mido, Tissot, Certina, Glashutte, Mido, ETA and Hamilton.

Appreciative of the franchise and the phenomenon of the Star Wars watch, Swatch released the “Dark Vader” watch as part of their 1988 line.

Swatch "Dark Vader"
1988

Swatch magazine ad
1988



APPENDIX
Clocks, whistles, stopwatches, calculators and concepts

Bradley produced an array of clocks with Star Wars theming. The “quartz talking alarm clock” was released in 1980 featuring messages delivered by an English voice actor that was clearly not Anthony Daniels. After a few beeps from R2, C-3PO responds, “What R2-D2 is saying is that you have to get up right away!” If the first message didn’t prompt activity, R2 would resume beeping and C-3PO would continue with, “R2, you shouldn’t be so polite, this little Rebel is going to be late!” Complete with nicely sculpted figures of the droids, the clock is a real winner.

Quartz Talking Alarm Clock, 1980

Box front, 1980 release 

Side panel, 1980

The 1980 release included the Empire Strikes Back logo on the side panel to coincide with the release of the film.

Box front, 1983 release 
Courtesy of Anthony Damata

A Return of the Jedi sticker was added to the box to coincide with the release of the film in 1983.

Later released clocks have the Star Wars logo on the side panel.

Side panel, 1984

Two handsome wall clocks were released in 1981. Both were available with either a battery powered mechanism or a corded version.

C-3PO and R2-D2 wall clock
1981

Corded mechanism (left) and battery powered mechanism (right)

Carton packaging

Darth Vader and Stormtroopers wall clock
1981

Open box packaging (left) and carton packaging (right) 

Bradley catalog 
Courtesy of Anthony Damata

1982 saw the release of a new tabletop clock.

C-3PO and R2-D2 tabletop quartz clock 
1982

1982 box

The box was updated with a Return of the Jedi logo banner in 1983 to coincide with the release of the film.

1983 release 

Sears catalog, 1982

Bradley catalog 
Courtesy of Anthony Damata

Original concept art
Courtesy of Ross Cuddie

3-way “Anywhere” Clock
1983

Original concept art 
Courtesy of Matthew Mulinaro

LCD clock and calculator 
1983

Stopwatch featuring Biker Scout
1983

Prototype in green 
Courtesy of Anthony Damata

Wicket the Ewok “Whistle Time”
1983
Courtesy of Jarrod Clark 

Bradley catalog featuring red “Wicket the Ewok”
clock/whistle, likely produced 
Courtesy of Jarrod Clark 

Bradley catalog artwork 
Courtesy of Ross Cuddie

Clock/radio with handle
1984

Clock/radio (no handle)
1984

Original concept art 
Courtesy of Ross Cuddie

Droids Clock/Radio
1985

UNPRODUCED CONCEPTS

Unproduced R2-D2 and Wicket clock
Courtesy of Jarrod Clark 

Unproduced Ewoks stick-up clock
Courtesy of Jarrod Clark 

Unproduced Ewok wall clock 
Courtesy of Jarrod Clark 

Unproduced Jabba the Hutt and Max Rebo Band talking alarm clock
Courtesy of David Brolin 

Unproduced updated 1982 C-3PO and R2-D2 clock with Yoda
Courtesy of Ross Cuddie

Unproduced Ewok Village clock
Courtesy of Jarrod Clark 

Unproduced animated Ewoks clock with moving drumstick 
Courtesy of Jarrod Clark 

Unproduced Yoda clock
Courtesy of Ross Cuddie

Unproduced Darth Vader clock
Courtesy of Ross Cuddie

Unproduced Yoda stick-up clock
Courtesy of Ross Cuddie

Unproduced Max Rebo Band stick-up clock
Courtesy of Ross Cuddie

Unproduced Darth Vader stick-up clock
Courtesy of Ross Cuddie

Unproduced Darth Vader clock
Courtesy of Ross Cuddie

Unproduced Sail Barge with Max Rebo Band talking alarm clock
Courtesy of Ross Cuddie

Unproduced Jabba the Hutt stick-up clock 
Courtesy of Ross Cuddie

Unproduced Ewok clock
Courtesy of Ross Cuddie

Unproduced updated 1980 C-3PO and R2-D2 talking alarm clock with Wicket and Return of the Jedi logo
Courtesy of Ross Cuddie

Unproduced updated 1982 clock with Return of the Jedi logo

Kenner produced two table clocks in a very limited quantity. Partnered with Junior Achievements, these clocks were assembled by children and sold door to door to encourage entrepreneurship. To read more about the program, check out this previous post.

Action figure case art table clock 
1980

Yoda portrait table clock
1980

An unlicensed line of manual wind alarm clocks were produced in Mexico. Branded with a Spanish Star Wars logo, they do not appear to have been meant for export. They each feature distinctive hand drawn art.

C-3PO and R2-D2

Stormtrooper 
Courtesy of Anthony Damata

Yoda
Courtesy of Anthony Damata

Darth Vader light blue background 
Courtesy of Anthony Damata

Darth Vader dark blue background 
Courtesy of Anthony Damata

Boba Fett 
Courtesy of Anthony Damata

Lightsaber duel

Star Time Music Series was a line of wall clocks that upcycled overstock picture discs for the subject of their clocks. The Star Wars Story picture disc was included in their collection.

Star Time Music Series Star Wars Clock

Packaging 

The last timepiece featured in this article remains a mystery. Manufactured with era appropriate materials, this clock appears to be of a late 1970s vintage. Whether a one-of-a-kind homebrew or a survivor of an unlicensed line, it remains one of my favorite things and hangs in my kitchen.



ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

Thank-You to my dear friend Ron Salvatore for continuously inspiring and encouraging me. This article would not have happened without you. You are a true kindred spirit.

Thank-You to Jamie Valentino for freely sharing her Father’s legacy and history at Bradley.
 
Thank-You to Anthony Damata for sharing his collection and insights. Anthony has been cataloguing Star Wars themed watches for many years. You can check out his impressive collection at www.restrainingbolt.com.

A heartfelt Thank-You to all of the photo contributors.

Thank-You to Steve Danley for editing, publishing and helping me navigate the Archive.